Michael Tobias Hirschmann (Michael T Hirschmann, Michael T Hirschman, M T Hirschmann)

ORCID

Publication Activity (10 Years)

Years Active: 2017-2024
Publications (10 Years): 67

Top Venues

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA

Journal of personalized medicine

Journal of experimental orthopaedics

International orthopaedics

Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Liestal, Laufen)

This page only lists publications with an associated author ORCID identifier.

Affiliation History

Kantonsspital Baselland (Bruderholz, Liestal, Laufen) Sep 01 2013

Switzerland

Section Head Knee Surgery :: Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology

Publications

Manuel-Paul Sava, Alexandra Leica, Felix Amsler, Sotirios Leles, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Only 26% of Native Knees Show an Identical Coronal Functional Knee Phenotype in the Contralateral Knee. Journal of personalized medicine 14 (2) (2024)
Robert Prill, Kristin Briem, Jon Karlsson, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, John Nyland
Teamwork is needed now: Time to focus on collaboration, rehabilitation and patients' needs! Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (7) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Zainab Aqeel Khan, Manuel P Sava, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Charles Riviere, Antonia F Chen, Vincent Leclercq, Felix Amsler, Sebastien Lustig, Michel Bonnin
Definition of normal, neutral, deviant and aberrant coronal knee alignment for total knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (2) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Zainab Aqeel Khan, Manuel P Sava, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Charles Riviere, Antonia F Chen, Vincent Leclercq, Felix Amsler, Sebastien Lustig, Michel Bonnin
Definition of normal, neutral, deviant and aberrant coronal knee alignment for total knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (2) (2024)
Manuel-Paul Sava, Alexandra Leica, Felix Amsler, Sotirios Leles, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Only 26% of Native Knees Show an Identical Coronal Functional Knee Phenotype in the Contralateral Knee. Journal of personalized medicine 14 (2) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Elmar Herbst, Giuseppe Milano, Volker Musahl
The only constant in life is change: A moment of gratitude and respect for the past and a start for the new KSSTA team! Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (6) (2024)
Sabrina Chelli, Taras Rudyy, George Mihai Avram, Rolf W Huegli, Felix Amsler, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Gender-based differences exist in the functional knee phenotypes classification of the osteoarthritic knee. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Zainab Aqeel Khan, Manuel P Sava, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Charles Riviere, Antonia F Chen, Vincent Leclercq, Felix Amsler, Sebastien Lustig, Michel Bonnin
Definition of normal, neutral, deviant and aberrant coronal knee alignment for total knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (2) (2024)
Alexandra Leica, Manuel-Paul Sava, Zainab-Aqeel Khan, Rolf W Hügli, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Limitations of the knee society score in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty. Journal of experimental orthopaedics 11 (3) (2024)
Felix Conrad Oettl, Ayoosh Pareek, Philipp W Winkler, Bálint Zsidai, James A Pruneski, Eric Andrew Hamrin Senorski, Sebastian Kopf, Christophe Ley, Elmar Herbst, Jacob F Oeding, Alberto Grassi, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Volker Musahl, Kristian Samuelsson, Thomas Tischer, Robert Feldt, null null
A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research, Part 6: How to evaluate the performance of AI research? Journal of experimental orthopaedics 11 (3) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Antonia F Chen, Sebastien Lustig, Joan Leal, Carsten Tibesku, Michel Bonnin
Neutrality, normality, abnormality and pathology in coronal knee alignment: Why and how should we define it in the era of personalised medicine? Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Heiko Graichen, George Mihai Avram, Marco Strauch, Verena Kaufmann, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Tibia-first, gap-balanced patient-specific alignment restores bony phenotypes and joint line obliquity in a great majority of varus and straight knees and normalises valgus and severe varus deformities. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (5) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Antonia F Chen, Sebastien Lustig, Joan Leal, Carsten Tibesku, Michel Bonnin
Neutrality, normality, abnormality and pathology in coronal knee alignment: Why and how should we define it in the era of personalised medicine? Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (3) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Welcome to the new Deputy EdItor-in-Chief of KSSTA, Giuseppe Milano. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Elmar Herbst, Giuseppe Milano, Volker Musahl
The only constant in life is change: A moment of gratitude and respect for the past and a start for the new KSSTA team! Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (6) (2024)
Felix Conrad Oettl, Ayoosh Pareek, Philipp W Winkler, Bálint Zsidai, James A Pruneski, Eric Andrew Hamrin Senorski, Sebastian Kopf, Christophe Ley, Elmar Herbst, Jacob F Oeding, Alberto Grassi, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Volker Musahl, Kristian Samuelsson, Thomas Tischer, Robert Feldt, null null
A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research, Part 6: How to evaluate the performance of AI research? Journal of experimental orthopaedics 11 (3) (2024)
Alexander Johannes Nedopil, Stephen M Howell, Maury L Hull, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
A TKA can be kinematically aligned without restrictions: Current evidence. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (6) (2024)
Heiko Graichen, George Mihai Avram, Marco Strauch, Verena Kaufmann, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Tibia-first, gap-balanced patient-specific alignment restores bony phenotypes and joint line obliquity in a great majority of varus and straight knees and normalises valgus and severe varus deformities. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (5) (2024)
Felix Conrad Oettl, Jacob F Oeding, Robert Feldt, Christophe Ley, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Kristian Samuelsson, null null
The artificial intelligence advantage: Supercharging exploratory data analysis. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Alexander Johannes Nedopil, Stephen M Howell, Maury L Hull, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
A TKA can be kinematically aligned without restrictions: Current evidence. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (6) (2024)
Bálint Zsidai, Janina Kaarre, Eric Narup, Eric Andrew Hamrin Senorski, Ayoosh Pareek, Alberto Grassi, Christophe Ley, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Elmar Herbst, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Sebastian Kopf, Romain Seil, Thomas Tischer, Kristian Samuelsson, Robert Feldt, null null
A practical guide to the implementation of artificial intelligence in orthopaedic research-Part 2: A technical introduction. Journal of experimental orthopaedics 11 (3) (2024)
Zainab-Aqeel Khan, Alexandra Leica, Manuel-Paul Sava, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
No difference in postoperative patient satisfaction rates between mechanical and kinematic alignment total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review. Journal of experimental orthopaedics 11 (3) (2024)
Alexandra Leica, Manuel-Paul Sava, Zainab-Aqeel Khan, Rolf W Hügli, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Limitations of the knee society score in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty. Journal of experimental orthopaedics 11 (3) (2024)
Robert Prill, Kristin Briem, Jon Karlsson, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, John Nyland
Teamwork is needed now: Time to focus on collaboration, rehabilitation and patients' needs! Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Alexander Johannes Nedopil, Stephen M Howell, Maury L Hull, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
A TKA can be kinematically aligned without restrictions: Current evidence. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Heiko Graichen, George Mihai Avram, Marco Strauch, Verena Kaufmann, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Tibia-first, gap-balanced patient-specific alignment restores bony phenotypes and joint line obliquity in a great majority of varus and straight knees and normalises valgus and severe varus deformities. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (5) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Antonia F Chen, Sebastien Lustig, Joan Leal, Carsten Tibesku, Michel Bonnin
Neutrality, normality, abnormality and pathology in coronal knee alignment: Why and how should we define it in the era of personalised medicine? Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (3) (2024)
Heiko Graichen, George Mihai Avram, Marco Strauch, Verena Kaufmann, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Tibia-first, gap-balanced patient-specific alignment restores bony phenotypes and joint line obliquity in a great majority of varus and straight knees and normalises valgus and severe varus deformities. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Welcome to the new Deputy Editor-in-Chief of KSSTA, Giuseppe Milano. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 32 (9) (2024)
Bálint Zsidai, Janina Kaarre, Eric Narup, Eric Andrew Hamrin Senorski, Ayoosh Pareek, Alberto Grassi, Christophe Ley, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Elmar Herbst, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Sebastian Kopf, Romain Seil, Thomas Tischer, Kristian Samuelsson, Robert Feldt, null null
A practical guide to the implementation of artificial intelligence in orthopaedic research-Part 2: A technical introduction. Journal of experimental orthopaedics 11 (3) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Zainab Aqeel Khan, Manuel P Sava, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Charles Riviere, Antonia F Chen, Vincent Leclercq, Felix Amsler, Sebastien Lustig, Michel Bonnin
Definition of normal, neutral, deviant and aberrant coronal knee alignment for total knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2024)
Manuel-Paul Sava, Alexandra Leica, Felix Amsler, Sotirios Leles, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Only 26% of Native Knees Show an Identical Coronal Functional Knee Phenotype in the Contralateral Knee. Journal of personalized medicine 14 (2) (2024)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen
Any technology assisting total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will fail without the correct 3D alignment and balancing target. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2023)
Heiko Graichen, Marco Strauch, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Roland Becker, Sébastien Lustig, Mark Clatworthy, Jacobus Daniel Jordaan, Kaushik Hazratwala, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Karlmeinrad Giesinger, Tilman Calliess
Digital TKA Alignment Training with a New Digital Simulation Tool (Knee-CAT) Improves Process Quality, Efficiency, and Confidence. Journal of personalized medicine 13 (2) (2023)
Benjamin L Schelker, Céline S Moret, Manuel P Sava, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Markus P Arnold, Vincent Leclercq, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
The impact of different alignment strategies on bone cuts in total knee arthroplasty for varus knee phenotypes. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2023)
Heiko Graichen, Marco Strauch, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Roland Becker, Sébastien Lustig, Mark Clatworthy, Jacobus Daniel Jordaan, Kaushik Hazratwala, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Karlmeinrad Giesinger, Tilman Calliess
Digital TKA Alignment Training with a New Digital Simulation Tool (Knee-CAT) Improves Process Quality, Efficiency, and Confidence. Journal of personalized medicine 13 (2) (2023)
Manuel-Paul Sava, Hitomi Hara, Leica Alexandra, Rolf W Hügli, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Verasense sensor-assisted total knee arthroplasty showed no difference in range of motion, reoperation rate or functional outcomes when compared to manually balanced total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2023)
Heiko Graichen, Marco Strauch, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Roland Becker, Sébastien Lustig, Mark Clatworthy, Jacobus Daniel Jordaan, Kaushik Hazratwala, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Karlmeinrad Giesinger, Tilman Calliess
Digital TKA Alignment Training with a New Digital Simulation Tool (Knee-CAT) Improves Process Quality, Efficiency, and Confidence. Journal of personalized medicine 13 (2) (2023)
Konrad Malinowski, Marcin Mostowy, Dong Woon Kim, Michalina Bawor, Paweł Skowronek, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Przemysław A Pękala, Robert F LaPrade
Gluteal Complex is important in External Snapping Hip: intraoperative identification of syndrome origin and endoscopic stepwise release-a case series. International orthopaedics (2023)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen
Any technology assisting total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will fail without the correct 3D alignment and balancing target. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 31 (3) (2023)
Manuel-Paul Sava, Alexandra Leica, Isabel Scala, Johannes Beckmann, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Significant correlations between postoperative outcomes and various limb and component alignment strategies in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Journal of experimental orthopaedics 10 (1) (2023)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen
Any technology assisting total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will fail without the correct 3D alignment and balancing target. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 31 (3) (2023)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen
Any technology assisting total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will fail without the correct 3D alignment and balancing target. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 31 (3) (2023)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen
Any technology assisting total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will fail without the correct 3D alignment and balancing target. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 31 (3) (2023)
Manuel-Paul Sava, Georgios Neopoulos, Alexandra Leica, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Patellofemoral arthroplasty with onlay prosthesis leads to higher rates of osteoarthritis progression than inlay design implants: a systematic review. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2023)
Benjamin L Schelker, Céline S Moret, Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Heiko Graichen, Markus P Arnold, Vincent Leclercq, Rolf W Huegli, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
The impact of different alignment strategies on bone cuts for neutral knee phenotypes in total knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2022)
Benjamin L Schelker, Andrej M Nowakowski, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
What is the "safe zone" for transition of coronal alignment from systematic to a more personalised one in total knee arthroplasty? A systematic review. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 30 (2) (2022)
Lukas B Moser, Matthias Koch, Silvan Hess, Ponnaian Prabhakar, Helmut Rasch, Felix Amsler, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Stress Radiographs in the Posterior Drawer Position at 90° Flexion Should Be Used for the Evaluation of the PCL in CR TKA with Flexion Instability. Journal of clinical medicine 11 (4) (2022)
Harry Hothi, Arianna Cerquiglini, Lukas Büel, Johann Henckel, Lukas B Moser, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Alister Hart
SPECT/CT Assessment of In-Vivo Loading of the Knee Correlates with Polyethylene Deformation in Retrieved Total Knee Arthroplasty. Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) 8 (1) (2022)
Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe, Sebastien Lustig, Heiko Graichen, Peter P Koch, Roland Becker, Arun Mullaji, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
A safe transition to a more personalized alignment in total knee arthroplasty: the importance of a "safe zone" concept. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 30 (2) (2022)
Lukas B Moser, Silvan Hess, Jean-Baptiste de Villeneuve Bargemon, Ahmad Faizan, Sally LiArno, Felix Amsler, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Matthieu Ollivier
Ethnical Differences in Knee Phenotypes Indicate the Need for a More Individualized Approach in Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparison of 80 Asian Knees with 308 Caucasian Knees. Journal of personalized medicine 12 (1) (2022)
Céline Saphena Moret, Benjamin Luca Schelker, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes after Knee Arthroplasty with Patient-Specific versus Off-the-Shelf Knee Implants: A Systematic Review. Journal of personalized medicine 11 (7) (2021)
Lukas B Moser, Ponnaian Prabhakar, Silvan Hess, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Diagnostic Algorithm in Patients with Flexion Instability after Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Clinics and practice 11 (3) (2021)
Céline S Moret, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Nicole Vogel, Markus P Arnold
Customised, individually made total knee arthroplasty shows promising 1-year clinical and patient reported outcomes. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 141 (12) (2021)
Anna L Falkowski, Jon A Jacobson, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Vivek Kalia
MR imaging of the quadriceps femoris tendon: distal tear characterization and clinical significance of rupture types. European radiology 31 (10) (2021)
B L Schelker, C S Moret, O Dogan, F Amsler, H Rasch, R W Hügli, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Increased patellar bone tracer uptake in preoperative SPECT/CT before medial opening high tibial osteotomy correlates with inferior clinical outcome. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2021)
Silvan Hess, Lukas B Moser, Emma L Robertson, Henrik Behrend, Felix Amsler, Edna Iordache, Vincent Leclercq, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Osteoarthritic and non-osteoarthritic patients show comparable coronal knee joint line orientations in a cross-sectional study based on 3D reconstructed CT images. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2021)
Céline S Moret, Edna Iordache, Riccardo D'Ambrosi, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Chondrocalcinosis does not affect functional outcome and prosthesis survival in patients after total or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA (2021)
Edna Iordache, Emma L Robertson, Anna Hirschmann, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Typical MRI-pattern suggests peak maturation of the ACI graft 2 years after third-generation ACI: a systematic review. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 29 (11) (2020)
Filippo-Franco Schiapparelli, Puja Ahmadi, Felix Amsler, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
No reduced patellar loading with latest-generation cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty-a comparative study of Attune and Press-Fit Condylar®. International orthopaedics 45 (5) (2020)
Andreas M Murer, Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Felix Amsler, Helmut Rasch, Rolf W Huegli
Bone SPECT/CT has excellent sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of loosening and patellofemoral problems after total knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 28 (4) (2019)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Roland Becker, Reha Tandogan, Pascal-André Vendittoli, Stephen Howell
Alignment in TKA: what has been clear is not anymore! Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 27 (7) (2019)
L Schenk, L Bethge, A Hirschmann, R Berbig, U Lüthi, M P Arnold, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Ongoing MRI remodeling 3-7 years after collagen meniscus implantation in stable knees. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 28 (4) (2019)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Niklaus F Friederich, Roland Becker, Jon Karlsson
Personalised medicine in knee arthroplasty: we need more science! Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 27 (5) (2019)
Michael Tobias Hirschmann, Silvan Hess, Henrik Behrend, Felix Amsler, Vincent Leclercq, Lukas B Moser
Phenotyping of hip-knee-ankle angle in young non-osteoarthritic knees provides better understanding of native alignment variability. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 27 (5) (2019)
Dominic T Mathis, Raphael Kaelin, Helmut Rasch, Markus P Arnold, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Good clinical results but moderate osseointegration and defect filling of a cell-free multi-layered nano-composite scaffold for treatment of osteochondral lesions of the knee. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 26 (4) (2017)
Emilienne Barthassat, Faik Afifi, Praveen Konala, Helmut Rasch, Michael Tobias Hirschmann
Evaluation of patients with painful total hip arthroplasty using combined single photon emission tomography and conventional computerized tomography (SPECT/CT) - a comparison of semi-quantitative versus 3D volumetric quantitative measurements. BMC medical imaging 17 (1) (2017)

Michael Tobias Hirschmann.css-eqlu8i{font-size:small;padding-left:4px;} (Michael T Hirschmann, Michael T Hirschman, M T Hirschmann)

Publication Activity (10 Years)

Top Topics

Top Venues

Michael Tobias Hirschmann (Michael T Hirschmann, Michael T Hirschman, M T Hirschmann)