Re-Emergence of Yellow Fever in Brazil during 2016-2019: Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Perspectives.
Poliana de Oliveira FigueiredoAna Gabriella Stoffella-DutraGalileu Barbosa CostaJaqueline Silva de OliveiraCarolina Dourado AmaralJuliane Duarte SantosKamila Lorene Soares RochaJoão Pessoa Araújo JúniorMauricio Lacerda NogueiraMagno Augusto Zazá BorgesAdriano Pereira PagliaAngelle Desiree LaBeaudJônatas Santos AbrahãoErna Geessien KroonDanilo Bretas de OliveiraBetânia Paiva DrumondGiliane de Souza TrindadePublished in: Viruses (2020)
Yellow fever (YF) is a re-emerging viral zoonosis caused by the Yellow Fever virus (YFV), affecting humans and non-human primates (NHP). YF is endemic in South America and Africa, being considered a burden for public health worldwide despite the availability of an effective vaccine. Acute infectious disease can progress to severe hemorrhagic conditions and has high rates of morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. In 2016, Brazil started experiencing one of the most significant YF epidemics in its history, with lots of deaths being reported in regions that were previously considered free of the disease. Here, we reviewed the historical aspects of YF in Brazil, the epidemiology of the disease, the challenges that remain in Brazil's public health context, the main lessons learned from the recent outbreaks, and our perspective for facing future YF epidemics.