Three-dimensional accelerated acquisition for hyperpolarized 13 C MR  with blipped stack-of-spirals and conjugate-gradient  SENSE.

The proposed method demonstrated effective mapping of metabolism in both kidneys and the heart of healthy pigs. Limitations seen in phantom experiments, may be irrelevant for most clinical applications, but should be kept in mind as well as reconstruction challenges related to residual aliasing. All in all, we show that the blipped stack-of-spirals is a relevant parallel imaging method for hyperpolarized human imaging, facilitating better insights into metabolism compared with nonaccelerated acquisition.