ASPHALT II: Study Protocol for a Multi-Method Evaluation of a Comprehensive Peer-Led Youth Community Sport Programme Implemented in Low Resource Neighbourhoods.

To reduce inequalities in children's sport participation, studies are needed to explore ways in which children from low resource neighbourhoods can be engaged and retained in sport. GAME Community is a peer-led community sport programme which aims to promote physical activity through participation in inclusive street sports activities targeting 8-15-year-old children living in low resource neighbourhoods. The GAME Community intervention is implemented by the non-profit street sport organisation GAME. Five components support the implementation of GAME Community: (1) training of peer leaders; (2) a focus on inclusion of inactive girls; (3) parental involvement; (4) community engagement; (5) strengthened organisational support to peer leaders. In the ASPHALT II study, we aim to evaluate GAME Community and hence contribute to understanding how children growing up in low resource neighbourhoods can be engaged and retained in physical activity through participation in peer-led, community-based sport and to generate new understandings on the scale up of community interventions. The primary objective of the evaluation is to investigate the implementation of GAME Community and the programme's reach, and to establish the functioning and mechanisms of the programme. The secondary objective is to establish the health enhancing potential of the programme. The evaluation of GAME Community involves three linked but independent studies that investigate (1) the functioning (i.e., mechanisms and processes), (2) reach, and (3) outcomes. The functioning of the five intervention components is investigated using qualitative methodologies. Programme reach will be investigated based on participant registrations. Systematic observations using a novel combination of validated tools will provide information on outcomes (physical activity level and social behaviour) during GAME Community activities. Investigating functioning, reach, and outcomes of the GAME Community intervention by using multiple methods is a strength, as different data complement and inform each other. This study will provide in-depth insights into if and how children living in low resource neighbourhoods can be engaged and retained in physical activity through participation in peer-led, community-based sport. Contributions of this evaluation include new understanding of the mechanisms and scalability of a community-based street sport intervention.