Clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas categorized according to their serum prolactin concentration: novel predictors of postoperative transient diabetes insipidus following surgery.

The presence of a "stalk effect" was associated with a higher risk of postoperative transient diabetes insipidus, reflecting perioperative pituitary stalk dysfunction following NFPA surgery, especially in patients with serum prolactin concentrations ≥40 ng/mL and radiologic evidence of stalk deviation.