Increased plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with hepatitis B virus pre-S2 gene deletion mutation predict a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative surgical resection.

This study discovered that MCP-1 levels had a significance to be as a combination biomarker with pre-S2 gene deletion mutation providing an improved performance in predicting HCC recurrence after curative surgical resection.