Improved Understanding of the Inflammatory Response in Synovial Fluid and Serum after Traumatic Knee Injury, Excluding Fractures of the Knee: A Systematic Review.

Interleukin 6 and CCL4 are elevated in SF after acute knee injury. Included studies failed to demonstrate increased concentration of inflammatory proteins in SF samples taken 6 weeks after trauma. Future research should focus on SF inflammatory protein measurements taken less than 6 weeks after injury.