Plasma catecholamine levels in the acute and subacute stages of takotsubo syndrome: Results from the Stockholm myocardial infarction with normal coronaries 2 study.

There was no evidence of massive catecholamine elevations in the acute and subacute stages of TS apart from one patient with pheochromocytoma-induced TS. Most of the TS patients had normal catecholamine metabolites indicating that blood-borne catecholamines do not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of TS.