Dual-Ligand Synergistic Targeting Anti-Tumor Nanoplatforms with Cascade-Responsive Drug Release.

Dual-ligand targeting drug delivery nanoplatforms are considered a promising tool for enhancing the specificity of chemotherapy. However, serious off-target delivery has been observed in current dual-ligand targeting nanoplatforms, as each ligand can independently recognize receptors on the cell membrane surface and guide drug nanocarriers to different cells. To overcome this barrier, a dual-ligand synergistic targeting (DLST) nanoplatform is developed, which can guide chemotherapy treatment specifically to cancer cells simultaneously overexpressing two receptors. This nanoplatform consists of a singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) photosensitizer-loaded nanocarrier and a drug-loaded nanocarrier with 1 O 2 responsiveness, which were, respectively, decorated with a pair of complementary DNA sequences and two different ligands. For cancer cells overexpressing both receptors, two nanocarriers can be internalized in larger quantities to cause DNA hybridization-induced nanocarrier aggregation, which further activates 1 O 2 -triggered drug release under light irradiation. For cells overexpressing a single receptor, only one type of nanocarrier can be internalized in a large quantity, leading to blocked drug release due to the ultrashort action radius of 1 O 2 . In vivo evaluation showed this DLST nanoplatform displayed highly specific tumor treatment with minimized long-term toxicity. This is a highly efficient drug delivery system for DLST chemotherapy, holding great potential for clinical applications.