Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers.
Natalia Di PietroMaria Pompea Antonia BaldassarreAngelo CichelliAssunta PandolfiGloria FormosoCaterina PipinoPublished in: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity (2020)
Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- oxidative stress
- blood pressure
- type diabetes
- working memory
- risk factors
- metabolic syndrome
- signaling pathway
- public health
- healthcare
- nitric oxide
- mental health
- cardiovascular events
- cardiovascular risk factors
- weight loss
- physical activity
- dna damage
- risk assessment
- stem cells
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- heart rate
- heavy metals
- social media
- climate change
- hypertensive patients
- heat shock