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Intrathecal Gadolinium Use for the Chronic Pain Physician.

Jonathan M HagedornMarkus A BendelSusan M MoeschlerTim J LamerJason E PopeTimothy R Deer
Published in: Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society (2019)
Herein, we provide guidance on IT gadolinium usage and a framework for IT pump malfunction in iodine allergic patients.
Keyphrases
  • chronic pain
  • ejection fraction
  • emergency department
  • primary care
  • prognostic factors
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • contrast enhanced
  • computed tomography
  • magnetic resonance