The Modified WHO Analgesic Ladder: Is It Appropriate for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain?
Juan YangBrent A BauerDietlind L Wahner-RoedlerTony Y ChonLizu XiaoPublished in: Journal of pain research (2020)
A simple and valuable guideline in past years, the WHO analgesic ladder is inappropriate for the current use of CNCP control. A revised four-step analgesic ladder aligned with integrative medicine principles and minimally invasive interventions is recommended for control of CNCP.