Hypospadias risk is increased with maternal residential exposure to hormonally active hazardous air pollutants.
Kunj R ShethErin KovarJeffrey T WhiteTiffany M ChambersErin C Peckham-GregoryMarisol O'NeillPeter H LangloisAbhishek SethMichael E ScheurerPhilip J LupoCarolina J JorgezPublished in: Birth defects research (2019)
While maternal exposure to some HAHAPs was significantly associated with the risk of hypospadias in male offspring, the effects were modest, and no dose-response effects were observed. Future work should employ biomarkers of exposure to better delineate the relationship.