Probing the Mechanically Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase and the Implications in Design Strategies.

The inevitable volume expansion of secondary battery anodes during cycling imposes forces on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The battery performance is closely related to the capability of SEI to maintain intact under the cyclic loading conditions, which basically boils down to the mechanical properties of SEI. The volatile and complex nature of SEI as well as its nanoscale thickness and environmental sensitivity make the interpretation of its mechanical behaviour many roadblocks. Widely varied approaches have been adopted to investigate the mechanical properties of SEI, and diverse opinions have been generated. The lack of consensus at both technical and theoretical levels has hindered the development of effective design strategies to maximize the mechanical stability of SEIs. In this review, we outline the essential and desirable mechanical properties of SEI, the available mechanical characterization methods, and important issues meriting attention for higher test accuracy. We also scrutinize previous attempts to optimize battery performance by tuning SEI mechanical properties, elucidate inconsistencies in these efforts and explore the underlying causes. Finally, we propose a set of research protocols to accelerate the achievement of superior battery cycling performance by improving the mechanical stability of SEI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.