Aflatoxins in Feed: Types, Metabolism, Health Consequences in Swine and Mitigation Strategies.
Roua Gabriela PopescuAndreea Luminița RădulescuSergiu Emil GeorgescuAnca DinischiotuPublished in: Toxins (2022)
Feeding farm animals with aflatoxin-contaminated feed can cause various severe toxic effects, leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and increased mortality, weight loss, poor performance and reduced reproductive capability. Following ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in animals. Swine metabolism is not effective in detoxifying and excreting aflatoxins, meaning the risk of aflatoxicosis is increased. Thus, it is of great importance to elucidate the metabolism and all metabolic pathways associated with this mycotoxin. The damage induced by AFB1 in cells and tissues consists of inhibition of cell proliferation, carcinogenicity, immunosuppression, mutagenicity, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, leading to pathological lesions in the liver, spleen, lymph node, kidney, uterus, heart, and lungs of swine. At present, it is a challenging task and of serious concern to completely remove aflatoxins and their metabolites from feedstuff; thus, the aim of this study was a literature review on the deleterious effects of aflatoxins on swine metabolism, as well as alternatives that contribute to the detoxification or amelioration of aflatoxin-induced effects in farm animal feed.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- dna damage
- lymph node
- induced apoptosis
- weight loss
- infectious diseases
- cell proliferation
- diabetic rats
- heavy metals
- healthcare
- public health
- heart failure
- drinking water
- gene expression
- bariatric surgery
- climate change
- squamous cell carcinoma
- cardiovascular events
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- risk assessment
- early onset
- dna repair
- early stage
- social media
- cell cycle arrest
- high glucose
- obese patients
- rectal cancer
- pi k akt