Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 naturally infected and vaccinated individuals in an inner-city emergency department.
Evan J BeckYu-Hsiang HsiehReinaldo E FernandezGaby DashlerEmily R EgbertShawn A TrueloveCaroline GarlissRichard WangEvan M BlochRuchee ShresthaJoel BlanksonAndrea L CoxYukari C ManabeThomas KicklerRichard E RothmanAndrew D ReddAaron Ar TobianAaron M MilstoneThomas C QuinnOliver LaeyendeckerPublished in: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences (2021)
Using an antibody testing algorithm, we distinguished between immune responses from SARS-CoV-2-infected and vaccinated individuals. When applied to blood samples from an emergency department in Baltimore, disparities in disease burden and vaccine uptake by sex, race, and ethnicity were identified.