Feasibility of A-mode ultrasound based intraoperative registration in computer-aided orthopedic surgery: A simulation and experimental study.

The simulation approach provided a well-defined framework for estimating the necessary number of ultrasound registration points and acceptable level of UPLE for a given required level of accuracy for intraoperative registration in CAOS. ICP-PS method is suitable for A-mode US based intraoperative registration. This study would facilitate the application of A-mode US probe in registering the point cloud to a known shape model, which also has the potential for accurately estimating bone position and orientation for skeletal motion tracking and surgical navigation.