Relationship between Type D personality and adverse health outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: The parallel mediating roles of diabetes distress and social isolation.

Type D personality was present in 31.3% of the participants, and exerted a direct effect on HRQOL but not on HbA1c. Type D personality indirectly affected both HbA1c and HRQOL via the mediators of diabetes distress and social isolation. Nurses need to monitor people with type 2 diabetes to determine whether Type D personality is present. Those with Type D personality should be provided with interventions to reduce diabetes distress and alleviate social isolation in order to improve HbA1c and HRQOL.