Support of polaronic states and charge carrier concentrations of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 -y ceramics by oxygen and Mn 2 O 3 impurity.

The influence of oxygen and Mn 2 O 3 impurity addition intervals 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.30 on the basic electrical conductivity, stabilization, crystallinity quality, grain boundary couplings, structural, orbital hybridization mechanisms, and superconducting properties of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-y Mn x ceramics has extensively been analyzed by electrical resistivity, X-ray diffraction investigations, and related theoretical results. It has been found that there is a strong link between the production conditions and fundamental characteristic features. All the results deduced have enabled us to discuss the variation of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, order parameter for super-electrons and cooper-pairs, organization of Cu-O coordination, homogeneities of oxidation states, microscopic structural problems, electronic density states, and grain boundary couplings between the adjacent layers in the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-y ceramics. Similarly, we have discussed the change in the formation of pairing mechanisms and bipolarons in the polarizable lattices in the microdomain clusters. The results have shown that both the presence of oxygen and optimum manganese impurity of x = 0.07 led to the enhancement in the fundamental characteristic features related to the basic physical, quantum mechanical, and thermodynamics features. Thus, the material produced at the most ideal conditions has exhibited the best orthorhombic crystal structure with the distortion degree of 6.419 × 10 -3 , paring mechanism, and crystallinity quality due to the development of orthorhombicity and oxygen ordering degree. Namely, the addition of optimum manganese impurity has organized the Cu-O coordination and stabilized the crystal structure as much as possible. Numerically, the sample prepared with x = 0.07 Mn ions has displayed the largest crystallite size, c-axis length, residual resistivity ratio, onset, and offset critical temperatures of 10.977, 11.723 Å, 73 nm, 98.320 K, and 100.504 K, respectively. Conversely, the same material has demonstrated the smallest oxygen ordering degree of 6.714, strain of 44.015 × 10 -3 , and a- and b-axis lengths of 3.792 and 3.841 Å. On the other hand, the oxygen-free annealing condition and excess manganese impurity have completely damaged the whole mechanism because of the phase transition from orthorhombic to tetragonal (structural O-T transition) crystal structure. To sum up, the oxygen and optimum manganese impurity have encouraged the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-y superconductors to use in much more application fields. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The presence of oxygen and an optimal level of Mn 2 O 3 impurity in YBa2Cu3O7-y superconductors improved superconducting properties. The optimal level of Mn 2 O 3 impurity promotes standard metallic characteristics. Ideal process conditions lead to the formation of super-electrons and cooper-pairs, expanding the superconducting energy gap. Optimal conditions lead to the expansion of orthorhombic distortion symmetry and average crystallite size. The excess manganese impurity results in a metal-to-insulator transition.