Coronary Arterial Function and Disease in Women With No Obstructive Coronary Arteries.
Harmony R ReynoldsC Noel Bairey MerzColin BerryRohit SamuelJacqueline SawNathaniel R SmilowitzAna Carolina do A H de SouzaRobert A SykesViviany R TaquetiJanet WeiPublished in: Circulation research (2022)
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality in women. While traditional cardiovascular risk factors play an important role in the development of IHD in women, women may experience sex-specific IHD risk factors and pathophysiology, and thus female-specific risk stratification is needed for IHD prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Emerging data from the past 2 decades have significantly improved the understanding of IHD in women, including mechanisms of ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries and myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries. Despite this progress, sex differences in IHD outcomes persist, particularly in young women. This review highlights the contemporary understanding of coronary arterial function and disease in women with no obstructive coronary arteries, including coronary anatomy and physiology, mechanisms of ischemia with no obstructive coronary arteries and myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries, noninvasive and invasive diagnostic strategies, and management of IHD.
Keyphrases
- coronary artery disease
- coronary artery
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- risk factors
- cardiovascular risk factors
- heart failure
- aortic stenosis
- cardiovascular events
- blood flow
- cardiovascular disease
- metabolic syndrome
- pregnant women
- machine learning
- adipose tissue
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- atrial fibrillation
- artificial intelligence
- insulin resistance
- ejection fraction