Strategies to Mitigate Bleeding in Shoulder Arthroplasty in the Setting of an Arteriovenous Fistula: A Report of 3 Cases.

This report highlighted strategies to mitigate catastrophic bleeding from an arterialized cephalic vein during shoulder arthroplasty, which includes preoperative cross-matching, expeditious vascular surgery availability, meticulous surgical dissection, and careful retractor placement.