Newcastle disease virus induces clathrin-mediated endocytosis to establish infection through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by VEGFR2.

NDV infection activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, enhancing clathrin-mediated endocytosis, crucial for infection onset. Notably, this process involves the interaction between NDV F protein and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase, leading to the subsequent binding and phosphorylation of the PI3K p85α regulatory subunit. This activation primes PI3K, initiating a cascade that promotes clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our findings elucidate how NDV capitalizes on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to establish infection through endocytosis.