Effects of centrifugation and whole-body vibrations on blood-brain barrier permeability in mice.
David DubayleArnaud Vanden-BosscheMathieu BeraneckLaurence VicoJean Luc MorelPublished in: NPJ microgravity (2020)
Modifications of gravity levels induce generalized adaptation of mammalian physiology, including vascular, brain, muscle, bone and immunity functions. As a crucial interface between the vascular system and the brain, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a filter to protect neurons from pathogens and inflammation. Here we compare the effects of several protocols of hypergravity induced by centrifugation and whole-body vibrations (WBV) on BBB integrity. The immunohistochemistry revealed immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation from blood to hippocampal parenchyma of mice centrifuged at 2 × g during 1 or 50 days, whereas short exposures to higher hypergravity mimicking the profiles of spaceflight landing and take-off (short exposures to 5 × g) had no effects. These results suggest prolonged centrifugation (>1 days) at 2 × g induced a BBB leakage. Moreover, WBV were similarly tested. The short exposure to +2 × g vibrations (900 s/day at 90 Hz) repeated for 63 days induced IgG extravasation in hippocampal parenchyma, whereas the progressive increase of vibrations from +0.5 to +2 × g for 63 days was not able to affect the IgG crossing through the BBB. Overall, these results suggest that the BBB permeability is sensitive to prolonged external accelerations. In conclusion, we advise that the protocols of WBV and centrifugation, proposed as countermeasure to spaceflight, should be designed with progressively increasing exposure to reduce potential side effects on the BBB.
Keyphrases
- blood brain barrier
- cerebral ischemia
- high glucose
- endothelial cells
- diabetic rats
- air pollution
- oxidative stress
- white matter
- multiple sclerosis
- drug induced
- high fat diet induced
- resting state
- skeletal muscle
- spinal cord injury
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- risk assessment
- gram negative
- bone mineral density
- climate change
- multidrug resistant
- insulin resistance
- adipose tissue
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- body composition
- antimicrobial resistance
- soft tissue
- wild type