Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and maternal-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: triangulation of evidence using negative control and polygenic risk score analyses.
Elis HaanHannah M SallisLuisa ZuccoloJeremy LabrecqueEivind YstromTed Reichborn-KjennerudOle AndreassenAlexandra HavdahlMarcus R MunafoPublished in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) (2021)
There appears to be no causal intrauterine effect of maternal prenatal substance use on offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms.