ICSI using testicular spermatozoa after failure of ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa could be a good choice: A propensity score-matched cohort study.

The present study supports that the use of testicular spermatozoa outside the classical indication of azoospermia is a good option when the indication is well established. However, before proposing a testicular biopsy, an improvement in sperm characteristics should be considered by treating the causes of sperm alteration.