Muffins enriched with dietary fiber from kimchi by-product: Baking properties, physical-chemical properties, and consumer acceptance.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fiber from Chinese cabbage outer-leaf powder, which is a main by-product of kimchi, on the quality, texture properties, and sensory evaluation of muffins. The kimchi by-product powder (KBP, 36.2% dietary fiber) was added at 1%-4% dietary fiber content, by replacing wheat flour (w/w basis). The physico-chemical and sensory properties of the baked muffins were measured. The height and volume of the muffins decreased with the addition of KBP. Increasing the KBP content resulted in increased hardness and reduced chewiness. No significant difference was observed in the overall acceptance among the muffins, up to the 2% added dietary fiber group, and the positive effect of the incorporated KBP was also confirmed in the sensory evaluation. These results indicate that it is possible to produce functional muffins with increased dietary fiber content by adding KBP in place of flour.