Introducing 3D printed models of the upper urinary tract for high-fidelity simulation of retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Luca OrecchiaDiego ManfrinStefano GermaniDario Del FabbroAnastasios D AsimakopoulosEnrico Finazzi AgròRoberto Miano

Published in: 3D printing in medicine (2021)

3D printing is gaining a significant importance in surgical training. Our 3D printed models of the upper urinary tract might represent a risk-free training option to hasten the achievement of proficiency in endourology.

Keyphrases

urinary tract
virtual reality
minimally invasive
coronary artery bypass
surgical site infection
coronary artery disease
atrial fibrillation
percutaneous coronary intervention
breast cancer risk