A Review and Case Study of Genital and Extragenital Human Papillomavirus Type 6 and 11 Infections in Men Who Have Sex with Men Accompanied by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Pati Aji AchdiatRita SeptharinaRasmia RowawiHartati Purbo DharmadjiDiah PuspitosariHermin Aminah UsmanRetno Hesty MaharaniPublished in: HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) (2024)
Extragenital warts caused by HPV types 6 and 11 are rarely reported. However, major risk factors for anogenital warts (AGW) include men who have sex with men (MSM) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. The incidence of extragenital warts among these populations has not been reported. This study presented a case report of a 33-year-old male with high-risk sexual behavior who showed symptoms of flesh-colored and hyperpigmentation papules. Furthermore, verrucous surfaces were observed at genital and extragenital. The patient had a history of using the same razor for pubic and armpit hair, bathing with a mesh scrub, and scratching the anal area. The histopathological result showed koilocytes, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination for both genital and extragenital lesions confirmed HPV type 6 and 11. This represented the first reported case describing the incidence of extragenital and AGW caused by HPV types 6 and 11. The transmission of extragenital warts was facilitated through fomites autoinoculation, particularly in the immunocompromised condition induced by HIV, which was common among MSM. Extragenital warty-like lesions were considered as warts caused by HPV type 6/11, in HIV-infected persons, specifically MSM.
Keyphrases
- men who have sex with men
- hiv testing
- hiv positive
- human immunodeficiency virus
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv infected
- high grade
- hepatitis c virus
- hiv aids
- risk factors
- escherichia coli
- endothelial cells
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- mental health
- cystic fibrosis
- cervical cancer screening
- biofilm formation
- south africa
- real time pcr
- physical activity