Understanding 'hybrid immunity': comparison and predictors of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines.
Nusrat J EpsiStephanie A RichardDavid A LindholmKatrin MendeAnuradha GanesanNikhil HuprikarTahaniyat LalaniAnthony C FriesRyan C MavesRhonda E ColomboDerek T LarsonAlfred SmithSharon W ChiCarlos J MaldonadoEvan C EwersMilissa U JonesCatherine M BerjohnDaniel H LibratyMargaret Sanchez EdwardsCaroline EnglishJulia S RozmanRupal M ModyChristopher J ColomboEmily C SamuelsPrincess NwachukwuMarana S TsoAnn I ScherCelia ByrneJennifer RusieckiMark P SimonsDavid TribbleChristopher C BroderBrian K AganTimothy H BurgessEric D LaingSimon D Pollettnull nullPublished in: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2022)
Vaccine-receipt elicited higher anti-spike-IgG responses than infection-alone, although IgG levels waned faster in those vaccinated (compared to infection-alone). Vaccine-after-infection elicits a greater humoral response compared to vaccine or infection alone; and the timing, but not disease severity, of prior infection predicted these post-vaccination IgG responses. While differences between groups were small in magnitude, these results offer insights into vaccine immunogenicity variations that may help inform vaccination timing strategies.