Aspergillus -SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection: What Is Known?
Carlos Alberto Castro-FuentesMaría Del Rocío Reyes-MontesMaría Guadalupe Frías-De-LeónOmar Esteban Valencia-LedezmaGustavo Acosta-AltamiranoEsperanza Duarte-EscalantePublished in: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has had a high incidence. In addition, it has been associated with prolonged hospital stays, as well as several predisposing risk factors, such as fungal factors (nosocomial organism, the size of the conidia, and the ability of the Aspergillus spp. of colonizing the respiratory tract), environmental factors (remodeling in hospitals, use of air conditioning and negative pressure in intensive care units), comorbidities, and immunosuppressive therapies. In addition to these factors, SARS-CoV-2 per se is associated with significant dysfunction of the patient's immune system, involving both innate and acquired immunity, with reduced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and cytokine storm. Therefore, this review aims to identify the factors influencing the fungus so that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 can occur. In addition, we analyze the predisposing factors in the fungus, host, and the immune response alteration due to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 that causes the development of CAPA.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- immune response
- risk factors
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- respiratory tract
- intensive care unit
- healthcare
- pulmonary hypertension
- case report
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- cell wall
- cystic fibrosis
- mechanical ventilation
- dendritic cells
- multidrug resistant
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- acinetobacter baumannii
- acute care
- candida albicans