A chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the desert horned lizard, Phrynosoma platyrhinos, provides insight into chromosomal rearrangements among reptiles.

Our results demonstrate dynamic karyotypic evolution across Reptilia, with frequent inferred splits, fusions, and rearrangements that have resulted in shuffling of chromosomal blocks between macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Our analyses also provide new evidence for distinct gene content and chromosomal structure between microchromosomes and macrochromosomes within reptiles.