Sensitised lanthanide luminescence using a RuII polypyridyl functionalised dipicolinic acid chelate.

A visible light absorbing [RuII(tpy)2]2+-type chromophore appended with a dipicolinic acid LnIII chelator has been prepared and complexed with several differing lanthanide cations to form the corresponding heterobimetallic d-f assemblies. The subseqent solution speciation analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed an unexpected decrease in the LnIII chelate complex stability, in particular for the 1 : 3 complex, when compared to the parent dipicolinic acid. As a result, the desired Ln(ML)3 complexes could not be isolated, and the 1 : 1 LnIII-ML complexes were instead characterised and investigated using steady state absorption and emission spectroscopy. Sensitised NIR emission from the YbIII, NdIII and ErIII complexes was observed upon 1MLCT excitation of the RuII based metalloligand in the visible region at ca. 485 nm. Investigations using transient absorption spectroscopy revealed essentially quantitative intersystem crossing to form the 3MLCT excited state, as expected, which then acts as the energy donor for the metalloligand based antennae effect, facilitating sensitisation efficiencies of 4.8, 17.0 and 37.4% respectively for the YbIII, ErIII and NdIII cations.