The efficacy of culture-guided versus empirical therapy with high-dose proton pump inhibitor as third-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A real-world clinical experience.

Culture-guided therapy with high-dose PPI achieves a higher eradication rate than empirical therapy with high-dose PPI in the third-line treatment of H. pylori infection. The eradication rate of rescue therapy with bismuth plus two susceptible antibiotics is not inferior to that with three susceptible antibiotics.