Racial Differences in Perioperative Complications, Readmissions, and Mortalities After Elective Spine Surgery in the United States: A Systematic Review Using AI-Assisted Bibliometric Analysis.

AA patients faced a greater risk of morbidity across several distinct categories of peri-operative events. SI studies can be underpowered to detect more granular complication types (genitourinary, DVT/PE). Rare events, such as mortality, require larger sample sizes to identify significant racial disparities.