Induction spectrometry using an ultrafast hollow-cored toroidal-coil (HTC) detector.

Ultrafast photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy (as well as their combination known as "coincidence spectroscopy") utilizes detectors based on different electron multipliers such as microchannel plates or single-channel electron multipliers. These detectors have a few important limitations such as fast-signal distortion (low pass operation), mutually exclusive positive or negative mode, dead time, and requirement of trigger. A high-pass induction detector, based on a hollow-cored toroidal coil, was developed that overcomes the above-mentioned limitations. The frequency-dispersive response and linearity of different configurations were analyzed. It is shown that the response is enhanced for ultrafast electron signals, dependent on construction parameters, thus offering response flexibility by design. Kinetic energy distributions of pseudospark-induced electron pulses are characterized in order to validate the capabilities in real applications.