The effect of PbS quantum dots on molecular dynamics and conductivity of PTB7:PC71BM bulk heterojunction as revealed by dielectric spectroscopy.

A ternary photovoltaic blend containing the PTB7 donor component, the PC71BM acceptor component, and colloidal quantum dots of lead sulfide (PbS QDs) was investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. In the dielectric loss spectrum of PTB7:PC71BM:PbS QDs, γ- and β-relaxation processes in PTB7 were recognized and analyzed in terms of Arrhenius-type equations. To elucidate the effect of PbS QDs on molecular dynamics of PTB7, the activation energies of both processes were evaluated and compared with those obtained for the binary PTB7:PC71BM blend. Using the CELIV method, the charge carrier mobility was estimated. The PbS QD incorporation into the binary blend was shown to decrease both electron and hole mobility in the ternary PTB7:PC71BM:PbS QD blend. For evaluating the charge carrier lifetime in the ternary blend, the Cole-Cole diagrams derived from the dc conductivity data were plotted. The charge carrier lifetime was found to be much less than the hole extraction time, thus providing effective accumulation of charge carries at the electrodes in the ternary blend under investigation.