SARS-CoV-2 S protein:ACE2 interaction reveals novel allosteric targets.
Palur V RaghuvamsiNikhil Kumar TulsianFirdaus SamsudinXinlei QianKiren PurushotormanGu YueMary M KozmaWong Y HwaJulien LescarPeter John BondPaul A MacAryGanesh Srinivasan AnandPublished in: eLife (2021)
The spike (S) protein is the main handle for SARS-CoV-2 to enter host cells via surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. How ACE2 binding activates proteolysis of S protein is unknown. Here, using amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations, we have mapped the S:ACE2 interaction interface and uncovered long-range allosteric propagation of ACE2 binding to sites necessary for host-mediated proteolysis of S protein, critical for viral host entry. Unexpectedly, ACE2 binding enhances dynamics at a distal S1/S2 cleavage site and flanking protease docking site ~27 Å away while dampening dynamics of the stalk hinge (central helix and heptad repeat [HR]) regions ~130 Å away. This highlights that the stalk and proteolysis sites of the S protein are dynamic hotspots in the prefusion state. Our findings provide a dynamics map of the S:ACE2 interface in solution and also offer mechanistic insights into how ACE2 binding is allosterically coupled to distal proteolytic processing sites and viral-host membrane fusion. Thus, protease docking sites flanking the S1/S2 cleavage site represent alternate allosteric hotspot targets for potential therapeutic development.
Keyphrases
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- angiotensin ii
- sars cov
- protein protein
- molecular dynamics simulations
- small molecule
- binding protein
- dna binding
- mass spectrometry
- amino acid
- minimally invasive
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- high resolution
- molecular dynamics
- molecular docking
- cell proliferation
- transcription factor
- oxidative stress
- ms ms
- coronavirus disease
- high density