Caloric restriction mimetics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Sebastiano SciarrettaMaurizio ForteFrancesca CastoldiGiacomo FratiFrancesco VersaciJunichi SadoshimaGuido KroemerMaria Chiara MaiuriPublished in: Cardiovascular research (2022)
Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are emerging as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. CRMs include natural and synthetic compounds able to inhibit protein acetyltransferases, to interfere with acetyl coenzyme A biosynthesis, or to activate (de)acetyltransferase proteins. These modifications mimic the effects of caloric restriction, which is associated with the activation of autophagy. Previous evidence demonstrated the ability of CRMs to ameliorate cardiac function and reduce cardiac hypertrophy and maladaptive remodelling in animal models of ageing, mechanical overload, chronic myocardial ischaemia, and in genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In addition, CRMs were found to reduce acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury. In many cases, these beneficial effects of CRMs appeared to be mediated by autophagy activation. In the present review, we discuss the relevant literature about the role of different CRMs in animal models of cardiac diseases, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these compounds and their potential future clinical application.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular disease
- cell death
- left ventricular
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- systematic review
- type diabetes
- heart failure
- acute myocardial infarction
- intensive care unit
- combination therapy
- gene expression
- metabolic syndrome
- drug induced
- coronary artery disease
- single molecule
- amino acid
- blood brain barrier
- binding protein
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- cardiovascular events
- cerebral ischemia
- respiratory failure
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- acute respiratory distress syndrome