Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and metals in olive: analysis and probabilistic risk assessment.
Seyedeh Faezeh TaghizadehMajid AziziRamin RezaeeJohn P GiesyGholamreza KarimiPublished in: Environmental science and pollution research international (2021)
In the present study, levels of 22 pesticides, eight metals, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 1800 Iranian olive samples (20 cultivars from six different cultivation zones), were determined; then, health risk posed by oral consumption of the olive samples to Iranian consumers was assessed. Quantification of PAHs and pesticides was done by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and metal levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). There were no significant differences among the cultivars and zones in terms of the levels of the tested compounds. Target hazard quotients (THQ) were <1.0 for all pesticides, and total hazard indices (HI) indicated di minimis risk. At the 25th or 95th centiles, Incremental Life Time Cancer Risks (ILCRs) for carcinogenic elements, arsenic, and lead and noncarcinogenic metals did not exhibit a significant hazard (HI <1.0 for both cases). At the 25th or 95th centiles, ILCR and margins of exposure (MoE) for PAHs indicated di minimis risk. Sensitivity analysis showed that concentrations of contaminants had the most significant effect on carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks.
Keyphrases
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- risk assessment
- human health
- health risk
- heavy metals
- gas chromatography
- mass spectrometry
- drinking water
- health risk assessment
- birth weight
- tandem mass spectrometry
- high resolution
- high performance liquid chromatography
- liquid chromatography
- high speed
- climate change
- capillary electrophoresis
- squamous cell carcinoma
- papillary thyroid
- gestational age
- simultaneous determination
- weight gain
- lymph node metastasis
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- squamous cell
- data analysis
- ms ms