Gut-Derived Peptide Hormone Analogues and Potential Treatment of Bone Disorders in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus.
Asif AliPeter R FlattNigel IrwinPublished in: Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes (2024)
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are prevalent metabolic disorders that have a detrimental impact on overall health. In this regard, there is now a clear link between these metabolic disorders and compromised bone health. Interestingly, both obesity and diabetes lead to elevated risk of bone fracture which is independent of effects on bone mineral density (BMD). In this regard, gastrointestinal (GIT)-derived peptide hormones and their related long-acting analogues, some of which are already clinically approved for diabetes and/or obesity, also seem to possess positive effects on bone remodelling and microarchitecture to reduce bone fracture risk. Specifically, the incretin peptides, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), as well as glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), exert key direct and/or indirect benefits on bone metabolism. This review aims to provide an initial appraisal of the relationship between obesity, diabetes and bone, with a focus on the positive impact of these GIT-derived peptide hormones for bone health in obesity/diabetes. Brief discussion of related peptides such as parathyroid hormone, leptin, calcitonin and growth hormone is also included. Taken together, drugs engineered to promote GIP, GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor signalling may have potential to offer therapeutic promise for improving bone health in obesity and diabetes.
Keyphrases
- bone mineral density
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- postmenopausal women
- metabolic syndrome
- weight loss
- glycemic control
- body composition
- cardiovascular disease
- weight gain
- high fat diet induced
- healthcare
- public health
- bone loss
- soft tissue
- bone regeneration
- mental health
- health information
- adipose tissue
- human health
- body mass index
- risk assessment
- social media
- physical activity
- blood pressure
- growth hormone
- deep learning
- blood glucose
- amino acid
- smoking cessation
- hip fracture
- artificial intelligence