0D van der Waals interfacial ferroelectricity.

The dimensional limit of ferroelectricity has been long explored. The critical contravention is that the downscaling of ferroelectricity leads to a loss of polarization. This work demonstrates a zero-dimensional ferroelectricity by the atomic sliding at the restrained van der Waals interface of crossed tungsten disufilde nanotubes. The developed zero-dimensional ferroelectric diode in this work presents not only non-volatile resistive memory, but also the programmable photovoltaic effect at the visible band. Benefiting from the intrinsic dimensional limitation, the zero-dimensional ferroelectric diode allows electrical operation at an ultra-low current. By breaking through the critical size of depolarization, this work demonstrates the ultimately downscaled interfacial ferroelectricity of zero-dimensional, and contributes to a branch of devices that integrates zero-dimensional ferroelectric memory, nano electro-mechanical system, and programmable photovoltaics in one.