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Normative brain size variation and brain shape diversity in humans.

P K ReardonJakob SeidlitzSimon N VandekarSiyuan LiuRaihaan M PatelMin Tae M ParkAaron Alexander-BlochLiv S ClasenJonathan D BlumenthalFrançois M LalondeJay N GieddRuben E GurRaquel E GurJason P LerchM Mallar ChakravartyTheodore Daniel SatterthwaiteRussell T ShinoharaArmin Raznahan
Published in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2018)
Brain size variation over primate evolution and human development is associated with shifts in the proportions of different brain regions. Individual brain size can vary almost twofold among typically developing humans, but the consequences of this for brain organization remain poorly understood. Using in vivo neuroimaging data from more than 3000 individuals, we find that larger human brains show greater areal expansion in distributed frontoparietal cortical networks and related subcortical regions than in limbic, sensory, and motor systems. This areal redistribution recapitulates cortical remodeling across evolution, manifests by early childhood in humans, and is linked to multiple markers of heightened metabolic cost and neuronal connectivity. Thus, human brain shape is systematically coupled to naturally occurring variations in brain size through a scaling map that integrates spatiotemporally diverse aspects of neurobiology.
Keyphrases
  • resting state
  • white matter
  • functional connectivity
  • cerebral ischemia
  • endothelial cells
  • electronic health record
  • induced pluripotent stem cells
  • deep learning
  • data analysis