Farrerol Induces Cancer Cell Death via ERK Activation in SKOV3 Cells and Attenuates TNF-α-Mediated Lipolysis.
Jongbeom ChaeJin Soo KimSeok Tae ChoiSeul Gi LeeOyindamola Vivian OjulariYoung Jin KangTaeg-Kyu KwonJu-Ock NamPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Farrerol (FA) is a flavanone isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine "Man-shan-hong" (Rhododendron dauricum L.). In the present study, FA decreased the viability of SKOV3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Cell cycle distribution analysis via flow cytometry showed that FA decreased G1 populations and increased G2/M populations in SKOV3 cells. Additionally, Western blotting confirmed an increase in the expression level of proteins involved in the cell cycle, e.g., CDK and cyclins. FA-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells was also investigated using a TUNEL assay, and increased expression levels of proapoptotic factors, including Caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), through the Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/MAPK pathway were investigated. Proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1) have been identified as a driver of the pathological mechanisms underlying involuntary weight loss and impaired physical function, i.e., cachexia, during cancer; in the present study, we showed that farrerol attenuates TNF-α-induced lipolysis and increases adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Thus, farrerol could potentially be used as an anticancer agent or anticachetic drug.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- cell death
- signaling pathway
- cell cycle
- pi k akt
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- oxidative stress
- cell proliferation
- rheumatoid arthritis
- adipose tissue
- flow cytometry
- dna damage
- type diabetes
- emergency department
- squamous cell carcinoma
- diabetic rats
- high resolution
- squamous cell
- drug induced
- roux en y gastric bypass
- weight gain
- lymph node metastasis
- protein kinase
- obese patients