Intrinsic temporal tuning of neurons in the optic tectum is shaped by multisensory experience.

For a biological neural network to be functional, its neurons need to be connected with synapses of appropriate strength, and each neuron needs to appropriately respond to its synaptic inputs. This second aspect of network tuning is maintained by intrinsic plasticity; yet it is often considered secondary to changes in connectivity and mostly limited to adjustments of overall excitability of each neuron. Here we argue that even nonoscillatory neurons can be tuned to inputs of different temporal dynamics and that they can routinely adjust this tuning to match the statistics of their synaptic activation. Using the dynamic clamp technique, we show that, in the tectum of Xenopus tadpole, neurons become selective for faster inputs when animals are exposed to fast visual stimuli but remain responsive to longer inputs in animals exposed to slower, looming, or multisensory stimulation. We also report a homeostatic cotuning between synaptic and intrinsic temporal properties of individual tectal cells. These results expand our understanding of intrinsic plasticity in the brain and suggest that there may exist an additional dimension of network tuning that has been so far overlooked.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We use dynamic clamp to show that individual neurons in the tectum of Xenopus tadpoles are selectively tuned to either shorter (more synchronous) or longer (less synchronous) synaptic inputs. We also demonstrate that this intrinsic temporal tuning is strongly shaped by sensory experiences. This new phenomenon, which is likely to be mediated by changes in sodium channel inactivation, is bound to have important consequences for signal processing and the development of local recurrent connections.