Single-center experience of the FIRM technique to ablate paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation.

FIRM-guided atrial ablation plus PVI in our patient population resulted in good success from a recurrence of atrial arrhythmias in patients undergoing an initial ablation procedure. For those with persistent AF undergoing a second procedure now using FIRM guidance plus PVI, the results are lower. Further research is needed to define better the appropriate population for FIRM-guided ablation and the degree of ablation needed for success in these patients.