The role of 'artificial intelligence, machine learning, virtual reality, and radiomics' in PCNL: a review of publication trends over the last 30 years.

An interest in the application of AI in PCNL procedures has increased in the last 30 years, and a steep rise has been witnessed in the last 10 years. As new technologies are developed, their application in devices for training and automated systems for precise renal puncture and outcome prediction seems to play a leading role in modern-day AI-based publication trends on PCNL.