Preclinical 3D-printed laboratory simulation of deep caries and the exposed pulp reduced student anxiety and stress, while increasing confidence and knowledge in vital pulp treatment.

The addition of a laboratory session using 3D-printed teeth that simulated deep caries and pulp exposure management, significantly reduced the stress and anxiety of students and increased their confidence. Within the limitations of this study, the benefit of introducing new technology in increasing student confidence and reducing stress offers opportunity for educational improvement in the VPT and cariology areas.