Activatable molecular probes for fluorescence-guided surgery, endoscopy and tissue biopsy.
Yan ZhangGuopeng ZhangZiling ZengKanyi PuPublished in: Chemical Society reviews (2022)
The real-time, dynamic optical visualization of lesions and margins ensures not only complete resection of the malignant tissues but also better preservation of the vital organs/tissues during surgical procedures. Most imaging probes with an "always-on" signal encounter high background noise due to their non-specific accumulation in normal tissues. By contrast, activatable molecular probes only "turn on" their signals upon reaction with the targeted biomolecules that are overexpressed in malignant cells, offering high target-to-background ratios with high specificity and sensitivity. This review summarizes the recent progress of activatable molecular probes in surgical imaging and diagnosis. The design principle and mechanism of activatable molecular probes are discussed, followed by specific emphasis on applications ranging from fluorescence-guided surgery to endoscopy and tissue biopsy. Finally, potential challenges and perspectives in the field of activatable molecular probe-enabled surgical imaging are discussed.
Keyphrases
- fluorescence imaging
- single molecule
- living cells
- fluorescent probe
- photodynamic therapy
- high resolution
- small molecule
- minimally invasive
- gene expression
- magnetic resonance imaging
- induced apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- magnetic resonance
- computed tomography
- ultrasound guided
- risk assessment
- contrast enhanced
- signaling pathway
- drug delivery
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- sensitive detection
- cancer therapy