A Facile Synthesis of Flower-like Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Efficacy Measurements for Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity.

The objective of this study was to investigate the rhombohedral-structured, flower-like iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles that were produced using a cost-effective and environmentally friendly coprecipitation process. The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesized Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles were analyzed using XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, and HR-TEM techniques. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles on MCF-7 and HEK-293 cells were evaluated using in vitro cell viability assays, while the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumoniae ) was also tested. The results of our study demonstrated the potential cytotoxic activity of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles toward MCF-7 and HEK-293 cell lines. The antioxidant potential of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles was evidenced by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) free radical scavenging assays. In addition, we suggested that Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles could be used in various antibacterial applications to prevent the spread of different bacterial strains. Based on these findings, we concluded that Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles have great potential for use in pharmaceutical and biological applications. The effective biocatalytic activity of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles recommends its use as one of the best drug treatments for future views against cancer cells, and it is, therefore, recommended for both in vitro and in vivo in the biomedical field.