p16INK4A dependent senescence in the bone marrow niche drives age-related metabolic changes of hematopoietic progenitors.

Rapid and effective leucocyte response to infection is a fundamental function of the bone marrow (BM). However, with increasing age this response becomes impaired, resulting in an increased burden of infectious diseases. Here, we investigate how aging changes the metabolism and function of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and the impact of the bone marrow niche on this phenotype. We found that, in response to LPS induced stress, HPC mitochondrial function is impaired and there is a failure to upregulate the TCA cycle in progenitor populations in aged animals compared to young animals. Furthermore, aged mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) of the BM niche, but not HPCs, exhibit a senescent phenotype and selective depletion of senescent cells from the BM niche, as well as treatment with the senolytic drug ABT-263, improves mitochondrial function of HPCs when stressed with LPS. In summary, age related HPC metabolic dysfunction occurs indirectly as a 'bystander phenomenon' in the aging BM niche and can be restored by targeting senescent MSCs.